Lessons from Terri Schiavo

By Nancy R. Larson, Attorney

 

     After the long death of Terri Schiavo, many Americans are asking what they would do if they were in her situation.  The national dialogue on end of life issues hit a raw nerve and now individual family members are openly discussing personal preferences for care if they are no longer able to make their own decisions, with the intent of  having a peaceful death, free of public scrutiny and criticism.

 

            Lesson Number One is that it is never too early to make your wishes known in writing in regard to health care issues.  Everyone over the age of 18 should execute a Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care, which names someone to make health care decisions for you when you become mentally or physically unable to do so.  The person who you name to make decisions on you behalf is called your agent.

 

             Your agent has the right to make decisions concerning your care and to receive medical information from your care providers.  That person also has the right to make decisions that are not specifically covered in your health care power of attorney, just as you would have made those decisions for yourself.  Good communication with your agent is essential.  Have open discussions with the agent about your goals for treatment and care.

 

            Rebecca Wisdom, President and CEO of Hospice of Southern Illinois, advises that if you have not had a conversation with your agent for health care decisions, now is the time.  She states that, “We owe it to our loved ones to record our medical care wishes and learn to talk openly about the subject.  This perhaps will be your most valuable expression of love to your family or friends.”   Being specific about your health care preferences takes a huge burden off of loves ones who become responsible for your care.

 

            Throughout most of our lives medical decisions are relatively simple, but as health declines medical decisions become more complex.  The generations alive today must deal with the difficult end of life choices that have resulted from technological advances.  This is the first generation to face the moral dilemmas created by respirators, feeding tubes, CPR and other advancements that may improve some patients’ chance for survival. 

 

            Chaplain Hank Dunn in his book “Hard Choices for Loving People” advises that we must constantly “weigh the possible benefits against the burden of the treatment.”  He maintains that sometimes the burden of the treatment far outweighs any possible benefits.  Others however feel that even a small potential benefit is worth the risk. 

 

            Dunn maintains that when making medical decisions concerning the frail elderly often the medical treatments offer only marginal benefits.  He sees there being four crucial questions that must be answered in the context of the moral and spiritual beliefs of the individual along with information from the physician as follows:

 

1.      Should resuscitation be attempted?  Will CPR be able to restore this person to his or her previous level of functioning?

 

2.      Should artificial nutrition and hydration be administered?

 

3.      Should the person stay at home or be hospitalized?

 

4.      Is it appropriate to try to cure the condition or should the emphasis be shifted to providing comfort measures only?

 

These challenging questions imposed by our own

technology test the strength our moral fiber.  Most people after executing estate planning documents,  including Powers of Attorney, put them in a safe place such as their safe deposit box at the bank or a home safe.  When it comes to your health care power of attorney, the last place this document should be is locked up somewhere and not readily accessible in the event of an emergency.  I generally advise my clients to keep multiple copies on a variety of places: 

 

1. Provide a copy to your regular physician.

 

2.  Provide a copy to your appointed health care agent and the possibly the successor agent. 

 

3.  Keep a copy at home in a safe place that your spouse or adult children could easily retrieve if needed.

 

 

 

Nancy R. Larson is an attorney with offices in Belleville and Mascoutah.  Her practice has an emphasis on intergenerational planning for estate and others issues of the elderly and their families.  This article is for information only and is not to serve as legal advice.